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Answers to Readers' Questions on Physical Science:

DC Circuits

The following 29 comments and questions have been sent in. They are listed according to date.

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IGCSE Physics question

Question

May 10, 2009

I have a doubt with a question in IGCSE Physics paper 3, the question paper is available in the following link:

www.planet-master.com/Cambridge_IGCSE/0625_w06_qp_3.pdf

My doubt is page 11, question 8 (c) and 8 (e)(ii)

Can you solve them please and explain me how you did it.

Thank you in advance and thank you for bearing me.

John - Sweden

17723

Answer

In a parallel circuit, the total resistance R is found from 1/R = 1/Rx + 1/Ry + 1/Rz. Since V = IR = 12 volts, 1/R = I/12. Substitute that into the equation and solve for Ry.

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How can a vacuum tube burn out without oxygen?

Question

December 18, 2008

dear sir

i want to ask that suppose in case of "vaccum tubes" when we apply high voltage to cathode terminal then it will burn out but anything can burn only if there is oxygen but in vaccum tubes i think there is no oxygen then how it happens please guide me if i m wrong....

Gurjinder - India

16976

Answer

In a vacuum tube, there is usually a small amount of an inert gas, similar to a light bulb. But some vacuum tubes are close to being a vacuum.

Heating the cathode releases electrons. But it is possible that after a while the cathode become degraded or worn out and the tube "burns" out. The same can happen if you apply too much voltage. There is no burning, due to oxygen. Rather it is due to overheating.

This is very similar to how a light bulb will burn out. There is no oxygen involved, but the filament either degrades with time or too much voltage is applied to it.

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Why is a parallel circuit seldom used?

Question

August 30, 2007

why is parallel circuit seldom used in connecting dry cell?
why should some people removed the dry cell inside a flashlight when it is not frequently used?

KAREN - Philippines

14283

Answer

A parallel circuit may draw too much current from a dry cell, thus it is seldom used. Dry cell batteries sometimes corrode and can damage a flashlight if not used much. Modern batteries do not do this as much as older or less expensive dry cells.

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Please help me!!!

Question

August 21, 2007

Please help me!!!

Abdi - Ethiopia

14229

Answer

You need to be specific about what you do not understand. Help you with what?

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Can a step-up transformer be a step-down?

Question

July 9, 2007

a step up transformer can also be used as step down?
by change primary &secondary.

saravanan - India

14042

Answer

Yes. The transformer used to reduce high voltage to house voltage is a step-down transformer. It is just changing the primary and secondary.

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Should add information on electrical devices

Question

February 1, 2007

The lecture was amazing, but u should add the introduction of electrical devices like resistor, capacitor on inductors. What i want to know is the resistive effects and current distribution of these electrical devices

Fiza - Pakistan

13027

Answer

Thank you for your feedback and your suggestion. We plan to add information on those simple of electrical devices soon.

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How many milliamps in a D cell battery?

Question

December 29, 2006

how many milliamps do a typical d cell battery that you would purchase from any store have? thank you.

james - USA

12713

Answer

The current depends on how much resistance is in the circuit. With little or no resistance, the current could be very high--over several amps. To figure the amperage, divide 1.5 by the number of ohms in your resistance to get the amperage of the current.

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Which way does current flow

Question

October 23, 2006

which way does current flow around a DC circut?

Dominic - UK

12223

Answer

Convention says that the current flows from positive (+) to negative (-). But the electrons really flow in the opposite direction.

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Solving enigmas of DC circuits

Question

July 22, 2006

i am 17 and i think these are good notes.It will be very kind of u if u can send me some points that can help me in my exam to solve enigmas of DC circuits,i know some things like "if we have equal potential between 2 junctions then we can make it a single junction". It will be great if u can send some stuff like that...

Varun - INDIA

11522

Answer

A major concept in circuits is that a circuit can be considered what they call a "black box", meaning that the output doesn't care what is inside the box, provided conditions are the same. One example is that the resistance of the "box" will be the same whether you have one 100 ohm resistor or a 75 ohm and 25 ohm resistor, provided they are in series.

Likewise, with potential, you could have several junctions in the box and the output would be the same as if there was one junction, provided the potential across each was the same.

Caution must be used when dealing with parallel circuits or a mixture, because the rules are different.

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How can a radio operate from DC?

Question

June 5, 2006

Since a portable radio contains electronic circuitry including capacitors and inductors, how is it that it can operate from DC (batteries)?

Jean - USA

11283

Answer

The radio contains a DC-to-AC inverter, which is a circuit that changes the power to AC.

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